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	<title>SHAFR.org &#187; Russia</title>
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	<link>http://www.shafr.org</link>
	<description>The Website of the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations</description>
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		<title>Liberating the Civil War from American Exceptionalism</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2011/04/12/liberating-the-civil-war-from-american-exceptionalism/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2011/04/12/liberating-the-civil-war-from-american-exceptionalism/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 12 Apr 2011 12:25:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Duncan Campbell</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Canada]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Civil War:  1861-1865]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[France]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Germany]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Historiography]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Imperialism/Colonization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[United States]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=3140</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In respect to the international dimensions and ramifications of the Civil War, the subject needs to be liberated from the intellectual strait-jacket of American exceptionalism. Instead, it needs to be recognized that this conflict was one of the numerous wars of independence, secession, and national unification which took place from the 1840s to the 1870s. [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.shafr.org/2011/04/12/liberating-the-civil-war-from-american-exceptionalism/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Time to the End the Nuclear Power Delusion</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2011/04/11/time-to-the-end-the-nuclear-power-delusion/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2011/04/11/time-to-the-end-the-nuclear-power-delusion/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 11 Apr 2011 14:06:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Shane Maddock</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Arms Control]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama administration:  2009-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Domestic politics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Environmental Concerns]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Japan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nuclear policy & WMD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Presidency]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Terrorism]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=3124</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The devastating earthquake and tsunami that hit Japan on March 11 has once again cast nuclear power in a negative light. Fukushima Dai-Ichi has now joined Three-Mile Island and Chernobyl as warnings of an even-more devastating nuclear disaster that could lie in our future. In each instance, the public received assurance that the accident was [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.shafr.org/2011/04/11/time-to-the-end-the-nuclear-power-delusion/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Weekly Digest &#8211; 4/26/10</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2010/04/26/2286/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2010/04/26/2286/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 26 Apr 2010 16:40:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Nick Ducote</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan War:  2001-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Anti-War Efforts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arms Control]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arms Trade]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Around the Web]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama administration:  2009-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Culture and international relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Foreign aid]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Homeland security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Human Rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iraq]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Military affaris]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nuclear policy & WMD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cyberattacks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[obama]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=2286</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Henry Sokolski argues that current U.S. political will to reduce nuclear dangers should be channeled into a practical set of control measures that are more likely to secure bipartisan support and can begin to be implemented without the legal consent of other states. [more]
How can the United States defend its national and commercial interests against [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.shafr.org/2010/04/26/2286/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Weekly Digest &#8211; 3/30/10</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2010/03/30/2258/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2010/03/30/2258/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 30 Mar 2010 19:13:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Nick Ducote</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Arms Control]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arms Trade]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Around the Web]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama administration:  2009-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Central America & Caribbean]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cultural Transfer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Culture and international relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Disarmament]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Domestic groups and organizations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Early Cold War:  1945-1961]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Eastern Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Late Cold War:  1961-1991]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nuclear policy & WMD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ronald Reagan administration:  1981-1989]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[South America]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Terrorism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Venezuela]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=2258</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[We&#8217;ve been scanning through the news coverage of the Hutaree militia, nine of whose members were arrested by federal officials this week, and we&#8217;ve noticed an almost complete absence of the use of the words &#8220;terrorism&#8221; or &#8220;terrorist.&#8221; [more]
President Obama showed courage in going to Afghanistan to talk to the troops, but he’s just getting [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.shafr.org/2010/03/30/2258/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Weekly Digest &#8211; 3/15/10</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2010/03/15/weekly-digest-31510/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2010/03/15/weekly-digest-31510/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Mar 2010 17:27:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Nick Ducote</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan War:  2001-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Around the Web]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Disarmament]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Early Cold War:  1945-1961]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Human Rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iran]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iraq]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Israel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mass Media]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nuclear policy & WMD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pakistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ronald Reagan administration:  1981-1989]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Soviet Union]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arab-Israeli Relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iraqi elections]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nuclear proliferation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Taliban]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=2148</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Some Pakistan Taliban members in the tribal areas say the onslaught of US drone attacks and Pakistani offensives in recent months is forcing the group underground and creating fractures. [more]
Israeli media reported Monday that the U.S. is pressing Israel to scrap a contentious east Jerusalem building project whose approval has touched off the most serious [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>What Obama Might Learn from the Past: Bending History in the Direction of Justice</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2010/01/26/what-obama-might-learn-from-the-past-bending-history-in-the-direction-of-justice/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2010/01/26/what-obama-might-learn-from-the-past-bending-history-in-the-direction-of-justice/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 26 Jan 2010 22:43:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Elizabeth Cobbs Hoffman</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Argentina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama administration:  2009-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brazil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chile]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Early Cold War:  1945-1961]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[European Union]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Franklin Roosevelt administration:  1933-1945]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George H. W. Bush administration:  1989-1993]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Germany]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Human Rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indochina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iran]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iraq]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Japan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[North Korea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Op-Eds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Post-9/11:  2001-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[South Korea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vietnam]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vietnam:  1945-1961]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vietnam:  1961-1975]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[World War I:  1914-1918]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[9/11]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Berlin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brussels Treaty Organization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Congress]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Franklin Roosevelt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George W. Bush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hitler]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[iraq]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Korea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Marshall Plan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nobel prize]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Peace of Westphalia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[State of the Union]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Suez Crisis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[World War I]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=1979</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It is the nature of the political process that presidents campaign outside history and must then live within it. For Barack Obama, this meant promising a speedy withdrawal from Iraq, a stronger focus on defeating Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan, firm but respectful relations with Russia and China, engagement with opponents like Iran, and progress with our [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.shafr.org/2010/01/26/what-obama-might-learn-from-the-past-bending-history-in-the-direction-of-justice/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>An Assessment of Obama&#8217;s First Year</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2010/01/26/an-assessment-of-obamas-first-year/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2010/01/26/an-assessment-of-obamas-first-year/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 26 Jan 2010 22:23:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Walter Hixson</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan War:  2001-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama administration:  2009-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George W. Bush administration:  2001-2008]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iraq]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Op-Eds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pakistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Post-9/11:  2001-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cairo speech]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George W. Bush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hillary Clinton]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nobel prize]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Robert Gates]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[State of the Union]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[War on Terror]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[William Fulbright]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=1970</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It is, of course, still too early after one year to evaluate the foreign policy or the presidency of Barack Obama.  That said preliminary analysis illuminates both the best and the worst about American culture and the foreign policy that flows from it.
The best part is Obama himself.  This culture is not likely to produce [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.shafr.org/2010/01/26/an-assessment-of-obamas-first-year/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Weekly Digest &#8211; 1/25/10</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2010/01/25/weekly-digest-12510/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2010/01/25/weekly-digest-12510/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 25 Jan 2010 19:50:59 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Nick Ducote</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan War:  2001-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arms Control]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Around the Web]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[India]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pakistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ronald Reagan administration:  1981-1989]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[climate change]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[START]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=1947</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Assuring Afghanistan’s future will require more than a military and civilian surge and better Afghan governance. A diplomacy surge is also required. Specifically, in the words of a recent statement signed by 20 former foreign ministers led by Madeleine K. Albright, “there needs to be a regional solution to Afghanistan’s problems.” [more]
With its dynamic free [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.shafr.org/2010/01/25/weekly-digest-12510/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Weekly Digest &#8211; 10/6/09</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2009/10/06/weekly-digest-10609/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2009/10/06/weekly-digest-10609/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 06 Oct 2009 20:00:22 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Nick Ducote</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Around the Web]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama administration:  2009-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Financial Policies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George W. Bush administration:  2001-2008]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gerald Ford administration:  1974-1977]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Homeland security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Human Rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Economic Relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Trade and Economics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iran]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jimmy Carter administration:  1977-1981]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Middle East]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Richard Nixon administration:  1969-1974]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Saudi Arabia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Terrorism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[United Arab Emirates]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[al Qaeda]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Burma]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[currency]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dalai Lama]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[detente]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[iran]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Oil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[War on Terror]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=1697</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Twenty political scientists have compiled a year-long study on American perception abroad.  Has the &#8220;Obama Effect&#8221; really changed the way the world sees America? [more]
The appearance in Washington last week of Iran&#8217;s foreign minister, while the blood is not yet dry from his government&#8217;s continuing suppression of student protests, is a reminder of the disastrous [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.shafr.org/2009/10/06/weekly-digest-10609/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Weekly Digest &#8211; 9/28/09</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2009/09/28/weekly-digest-92809/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2009/09/28/weekly-digest-92809/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 28 Sep 2009 19:11:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Nick Ducote</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan War:  2001-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Around the Web]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama administration:  2009-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Honduras]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Economic Relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Organizations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Internationl law and treaties]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iran]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[John Kennedy administration:  1961-1963]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Late Cold War:  1961-1991]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lyndon Johnson administration:  1963-1969]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pakistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Peace and dissent]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Presidency]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[State Department]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Terrorism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[international diplomacy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[missile shield]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[treaties]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[War on Terror]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=1676</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The new “must-read book” for President Obama’s war team is “Lessons in Disaster” by Gordon M. Goldstein.  This book’s intimate account of White House decision-making is almost literally being replayed in Washington (with Holbrooke himself as a principal actor) as the new president sets a course for the war in Afghanistan. [more]
President Barack Obama&#8217;s week [...]]]></description>
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