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	<title>SHAFR.org &#187; Afghanistan</title>
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	<link>http://www.shafr.org</link>
	<description>The Website of the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations</description>
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		<title>American Strategy in Afghanistan</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2011/01/23/american-strategy-in-afghanistan/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2011/01/23/american-strategy-in-afghanistan/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 23 Jan 2011 13:53:33 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Marc Selverstone</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan War:  2001-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama administration:  2009-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George W. Bush administration:  2001-2008]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vietnam:  1961-1975]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=2877</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Ten years into the Afghanistan war and we’re still debating strategy, tactics, and the advisability of continuing the war altogether. Unfortunately, we’re doing so mostly in print and on the airways—which is to say that this debate is not taking place in the streets or in Washington. For most Americans, the war remains obscured from [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.shafr.org/2011/01/23/american-strategy-in-afghanistan/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Immunitary Paradigm and its Destructive Logic in US Foreign Policy</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2010/11/17/2664/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2010/11/17/2664/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 17 Nov 2010 14:24:10 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Masood Raja</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Asia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pakistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Theory and Ideas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[al Qaeda]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George W. Bush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Roberto Esposito]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Taliban]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Terrorism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Torture]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[War on Terror]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=2664</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It would not be an exaggeration to suggest that for the past few years Afghanistan and Pakistan (Af-Pak is the standard neologism for this) have become the new frontier of US foreign policy.
In most public and academic discussions of this area of the globe, US involvement in the region is presented in a reductive binary structure [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.shafr.org/2010/11/17/2664/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Weekly Digest &#8211; 4/26/10</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2010/04/26/2286/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2010/04/26/2286/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 26 Apr 2010 16:40:31 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Nick Ducote</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan War:  2001-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Anti-War Efforts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arms Control]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arms Trade]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Around the Web]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama administration:  2009-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Culture and international relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Foreign aid]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Homeland security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Human Rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iraq]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Military affaris]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nuclear policy & WMD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cyberattacks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[obama]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=2286</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Henry Sokolski argues that current U.S. political will to reduce nuclear dangers should be channeled into a practical set of control measures that are more likely to secure bipartisan support and can begin to be implemented without the legal consent of other states. [more]
How can the United States defend its national and commercial interests against [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.shafr.org/2010/04/26/2286/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Weekly Digest &#8211; 4/12/10</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2010/04/12/weekly-digest-41210/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2010/04/12/weekly-digest-41210/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 12 Apr 2010 18:14:45 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Nick Ducote</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan War:  2001-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Around the Web]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chile]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Homeland security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iran]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iraq]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Richard Nixon administration:  1969-1974]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Terrorism]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=2272</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In the midst of the recent U.S.-Israeli tumult, a curious conventional wisdom is starting to evolve. A Washington that cajoles Israel on its settlements and resumes the peace process in earnest may finally garner Arab support for dealing with Iran&#8217;s nuclear menace. Although pressuring Israel to restrain its settlements may be a sensible means of [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.shafr.org/2010/04/12/weekly-digest-41210/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Weekly Digest &#8211; 3/15/10</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2010/03/15/weekly-digest-31510/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2010/03/15/weekly-digest-31510/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Mar 2010 17:27:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Nick Ducote</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan War:  2001-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Around the Web]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Disarmament]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Early Cold War:  1945-1961]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Human Rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iran]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iraq]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Israel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mass Media]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nuclear policy & WMD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pakistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ronald Reagan administration:  1981-1989]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Soviet Union]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arab-Israeli Relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iraqi elections]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nuclear proliferation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Taliban]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=2148</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Some Pakistan Taliban members in the tribal areas say the onslaught of US drone attacks and Pakistani offensives in recent months is forcing the group underground and creating fractures. [more]
Israeli media reported Monday that the U.S. is pressing Israel to scrap a contentious east Jerusalem building project whose approval has touched off the most serious [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Diplomats Among Warriors</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2010/02/16/diplomats-among-warriors/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2010/02/16/diplomats-among-warriors/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 16 Feb 2010 17:37:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John Prados</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan War:  2001-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama administration:  2009-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Early Cold War:  1945-1961]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Historiography]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Military affaris]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Terrorism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Theory and Ideas]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=2082</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In Afghanistan at the moment (February 2010), U.S. Marines, allied troops, and Afghan government soldiers are embarked on an offensive at a town called Marja in Helmand province. American commander-in-chief General Stanley A. McChrystal here makes the first expression of the strategy that underlies the appeal for reinforcements that led to the Obama administration “surge” [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.shafr.org/2010/02/16/diplomats-among-warriors/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Weekly Digest &#8211; 2/8/10</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2010/02/08/weekly-digest-2810/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2010/02/08/weekly-digest-2810/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 08 Feb 2010 20:42:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Nick Ducote</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan War:  2001-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arms Control]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arms Trade]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Around the Web]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama administration:  2009-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bill Clinton administartion:  1993-2001]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George W. Bush administration:  2001-2008]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Japan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[North Korea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Southeast Asia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Asia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[European Union]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George W. Bush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hegemony]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[iran]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[War on Terror]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=2054</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[President Barack Obama&#8217;s decision not to attend a planned summit between the United States and the EU in May&#8211;and the testy European reaction to that decision&#8211;underscores &#8220;the unrealistic expectations&#8221; that have been in play between Europe and the United States since Obama took office. [more]
Predictions of America’s decline are vastly overstated. Asia is indeed increasing [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>What Obama Might Learn from the Past: Bending History in the Direction of Justice</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2010/01/26/what-obama-might-learn-from-the-past-bending-history-in-the-direction-of-justice/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2010/01/26/what-obama-might-learn-from-the-past-bending-history-in-the-direction-of-justice/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 26 Jan 2010 22:43:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Elizabeth Cobbs Hoffman</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Argentina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama administration:  2009-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brazil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chile]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Early Cold War:  1945-1961]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[European Union]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Franklin Roosevelt administration:  1933-1945]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George H. W. Bush administration:  1989-1993]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Germany]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Human Rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indochina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iran]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iraq]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Japan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[North Korea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Op-Eds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Post-9/11:  2001-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[South Korea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vietnam]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vietnam:  1945-1961]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vietnam:  1961-1975]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[World War I:  1914-1918]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[9/11]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Berlin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brussels Treaty Organization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Congress]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Franklin Roosevelt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George W. Bush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hitler]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[iraq]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Korea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Marshall Plan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nobel prize]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Peace of Westphalia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[State of the Union]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Suez Crisis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[World War I]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=1979</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It is the nature of the political process that presidents campaign outside history and must then live within it. For Barack Obama, this meant promising a speedy withdrawal from Iraq, a stronger focus on defeating Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan, firm but respectful relations with Russia and China, engagement with opponents like Iran, and progress with our [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.shafr.org/2010/01/26/what-obama-might-learn-from-the-past-bending-history-in-the-direction-of-justice/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>In the Shadow of Failure: Obama&#8217;s Quest for Constructive Engagement</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2010/01/26/in-the-shadow-of-failture-obamas-quest-for-constructive-engagement/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2010/01/26/in-the-shadow-of-failture-obamas-quest-for-constructive-engagement/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 26 Jan 2010 22:35:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Cary Fraser</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan War:  2001-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama administration:  2009-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brazil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Early Cold War:  1945-1961]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George H. W. Bush administration:  1989-1993]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[India]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indonesia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jimmy Carter administration:  1977-1981]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Late Cold War:  1961-1991]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Op-Eds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Post-9/11:  2001-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[South Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barry Goldwater]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cairo speech]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Camp David Accords]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cold War]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Copenhagen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dick Cheney]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[European Union]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George W. Bush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[health care reform]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[iraq]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Israeli-Palestinian conflict]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[John McCain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kyoto Protocol]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[State of the Union]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=1977</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[As Barack Obama completes his first year in office, he faces challenges that will test his considerable political skills to the very limit. While many voted for Obama because was able to project an image of calm competence that was notably lacking in both John McCain and George W. Bush, the Wall Street crisis and [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.shafr.org/2010/01/26/in-the-shadow-of-failture-obamas-quest-for-constructive-engagement/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Lessons for Late Baby Boomers</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2010/01/26/lessons-for-late-baby-boomers/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2010/01/26/lessons-for-late-baby-boomers/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 26 Jan 2010 22:32:00 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Tom Zeiler</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama administration:  2009-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bill Clinton administartion:  1993-2001]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George H. W. Bush administration:  1989-1993]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George W. Bush administration:  2001-2008]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Harry Truman administration:  1945-1953]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iran]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iraq]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iraq War:  2003-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jimmy Carter administration:  1977-1981]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Late Cold War:  1961-1991]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lebanon]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lyndon Johnson administration:  1963-1969]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Op-Eds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Post-9/11:  2001-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ronald Reagan administration:  1981-1989]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[South Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Soviet Union]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vietnam]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vietnam:  1945-1961]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vietnam:  1961-1975]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[al Qaeda]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bill Clinton]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Communism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George H. W. Bush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George W. Bush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[globalization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[iran]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[iraq]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jimmy Carter]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lyndon B. Johnson]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Marshall Plan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mikhail Gorbachev]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nobel prize]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Olympics]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ronald Reagan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Taliban]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=1975</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I’m eight months older than President Barack Obama, so we fall into the same generation.  Of course, the similarities end there, including his ascent to a slightly higher administrative level than I will ever reach.  Still, we share some things in common because we gained an awareness of the world around the same time, in [...]]]></description>
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