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	<title>SHAFR.org &#187; Early Cold War:  1945-1961</title>
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	<link>http://www.shafr.org</link>
	<description>The Website of the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations</description>
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		<title>Rising Isolationism, A Renewed Danger?</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2011/11/15/rising-isolationism-a-renewed-danger/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2011/11/15/rising-isolationism-a-renewed-danger/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 16 Nov 2011 02:48:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Christopher McKnight Nichols</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Anti-War Efforts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama administration:  2009-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dwight Eisenhower administration:  1953-1961]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Early Cold War:  1945-1961]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Foreign aid]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George W. Bush administration:  2001-2008]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gilded Age:  1876-1900]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ideology]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Inter-war Diplomacy:  1919-1939]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Military affaris]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Peace and dissent]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Post-9/11:  2001-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Post-Cold War:  1991-2001]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Public Opinion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[State Department]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Theory and Ideas]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[United Nations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[United States]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[World War I:  1914-1918]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[World War II:  1939-1945]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Adlai Stevenson]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[engagement]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[foreign assistance]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[foreign entanglements]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George W. Bush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gerald Nye]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[idealism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[internationalism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[isolationism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[realism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Republican presidential candidates]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[transnationalism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[William Borah]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=3366</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It is an honor to be kicking off the blog for the Society for Historians of American Foreign Relations for the fall of 2011. I thank Andrew Johns, Brian Etheridge, and the officers of SHAFR for the invitation, and I look forward to an excellent year of diverse debates and dynamic discussions.
For this column, which [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.shafr.org/2011/11/15/rising-isolationism-a-renewed-danger/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Moving Beyond (and Before) the Cold War</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2011/07/16/moving-beyond-and-before-the-cold-war/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2011/07/16/moving-beyond-and-before-the-cold-war/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 16 Jul 2011 13:53:40 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>David Ekbladh</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Anti-War Efforts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Domestic groups and organizations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Early Cold War:  1945-1961]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Financial Policies]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[International Organizations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Modernization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Policymaking--International]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Post-Cold War:  1991-2001]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[United Nations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[World War II:  1939-1945]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=3280</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[I’ll take up the point raised by Shane Maddock’s recent post on moving beyond the Cold War.  I share his feeling that the focus on the conflict has imposed its own “interpretive framework” on scholarship in U.S. foreign relations and international history generally and that this scaffolding can limit our understanding of a slew of [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.shafr.org/2011/07/16/moving-beyond-and-before-the-cold-war/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Moving Beyond the Cold War</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2011/07/11/moving-beyond-the-cold-war/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2011/07/11/moving-beyond-the-cold-war/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 11 Jul 2011 13:23:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Shane Maddock</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Arms Control]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Bill Clinton administartion:  1993-2001]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Decolonization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Disarmament]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Early Cold War:  1945-1961]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George H. W. Bush administration:  1989-1993]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Harry Truman administration:  1945-1953]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Historiography]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Policymaking--American]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Post-9/11:  2001-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Post-Cold War:  1991-2001]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=3275</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The Cold War ended twenty years ago, but it remains the preeminent focus of historians of U.S. foreign relations.   The disappearance of the Soviet Union also prompted few changes in U.S. national security policy.  One could chalk up both phenomena to inertia. Once a field begins to focus heavily on a period [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Toppling Nuclear Shibboleths</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2011/02/03/toppling-nuclear-shibboleths/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2011/02/03/toppling-nuclear-shibboleths/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 03 Feb 2011 19:25:43 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Shane Maddock</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Arms Control]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama administration:  2009-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Disarmament]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dwight Eisenhower administration:  1953-1961]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Early Cold War:  1945-1961]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George W. Bush administration:  2001-2008]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Harry Truman administration:  1945-1953]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[John Kennedy administration:  1961-1963]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Late Cold War:  1961-1991]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nuclear policy & WMD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=2898</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The New START treaty, which Russia ratified in late January, has stirred debate over the role of nuclear weapons in international politics. As Washington pressures both Iran and North Korea to abandon their nuclear ambitions, many U.S. commentators cling to the U.S. nuclear arsenal as a pillar of its international hegemony. They latch onto nuclear [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.shafr.org/2011/02/03/toppling-nuclear-shibboleths/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Weekly Digest &#8211; 3/30/10</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2010/03/30/2258/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2010/03/30/2258/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 30 Mar 2010 19:13:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Nick Ducote</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Arms Control]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arms Trade]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Around the Web]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama administration:  2009-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Central America & Caribbean]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cultural Transfer]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Culture and international relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Disarmament]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Domestic groups and organizations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Early Cold War:  1945-1961]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Eastern Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Late Cold War:  1961-1991]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nuclear policy & WMD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ronald Reagan administration:  1981-1989]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[South America]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Terrorism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Venezuela]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=2258</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[We&#8217;ve been scanning through the news coverage of the Hutaree militia, nine of whose members were arrested by federal officials this week, and we&#8217;ve noticed an almost complete absence of the use of the words &#8220;terrorism&#8221; or &#8220;terrorist.&#8221; [more]
President Obama showed courage in going to Afghanistan to talk to the troops, but he’s just getting [...]]]></description>
		<wfw:commentRss>http://www.shafr.org/2010/03/30/2258/feed/</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Weekly Digest &#8211; 3/15/10</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2010/03/15/weekly-digest-31510/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2010/03/15/weekly-digest-31510/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 15 Mar 2010 17:27:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Nick Ducote</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan War:  2001-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Around the Web]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Disarmament]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Early Cold War:  1945-1961]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Human Rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iran]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iraq]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Israel]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mass Media]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nuclear policy & WMD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pakistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Ronald Reagan administration:  1981-1989]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Soviet Union]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Arab-Israeli Relations]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iraqi elections]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[nuclear proliferation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Taliban]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=2148</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Some Pakistan Taliban members in the tribal areas say the onslaught of US drone attacks and Pakistani offensives in recent months is forcing the group underground and creating fractures. [more]
Israeli media reported Monday that the U.S. is pressing Israel to scrap a contentious east Jerusalem building project whose approval has touched off the most serious [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Weekly Digest &#8211; 3/10/10</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2010/03/10/weekly-digest-31010/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2010/03/10/weekly-digest-31010/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 10 Mar 2010 20:37:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Nick Ducote</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan War:  2001-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Around the Web]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama administration:  2009-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brazil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Early Cold War:  1945-1961]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George W. Bush administration:  2001-2008]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gerald Ford administration:  1974-1977]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Harry Truman administration:  1945-1953]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iraq War:  2003-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jimmy Carter administration:  1977-1981]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[John Kennedy administration:  1961-1963]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Korean War: 1950-1953]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Late Cold War:  1961-1991]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Lyndon Johnson administration:  1963-1969]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Military affaris]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[National Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nuclear policy & WMD]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Policymaking--American]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Post-colonial Third World]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Propaganda and cultural diplomacy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Public Opinion]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Terrorism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cold War]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[The Hurt Locker]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[waterboarding]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=2123</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Four years after the United States dropped two atomic bombs on Japanese cities, the Soviet Union explodes its first nuclear weapon at a test range in Kazakhstan. That the Soviet Union obtained &#8220;the bomb&#8221; is not surprising, but the timing of the test is. Most U.S. intelligence assessments at the time concluded Moscow was at [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Diplomats Among Warriors</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2010/02/16/diplomats-among-warriors/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2010/02/16/diplomats-among-warriors/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 16 Feb 2010 17:37:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>John Prados</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan War:  2001-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama administration:  2009-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Early Cold War:  1945-1961]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Historiography]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Military affaris]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Terrorism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Theory and Ideas]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=2082</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[In Afghanistan at the moment (February 2010), U.S. Marines, allied troops, and Afghan government soldiers are embarked on an offensive at a town called Marja in Helmand province. American commander-in-chief General Stanley A. McChrystal here makes the first expression of the strategy that underlies the appeal for reinforcements that led to the Obama administration “surge” [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>What Obama Might Learn from the Past: Bending History in the Direction of Justice</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2010/01/26/what-obama-might-learn-from-the-past-bending-history-in-the-direction-of-justice/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2010/01/26/what-obama-might-learn-from-the-past-bending-history-in-the-direction-of-justice/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 26 Jan 2010 22:43:55 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Elizabeth Cobbs Hoffman</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Argentina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama administration:  2009-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brazil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Chile]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Early Cold War:  1945-1961]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Europe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[European Union]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Franklin Roosevelt administration:  1933-1945]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George H. W. Bush administration:  1989-1993]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Germany]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Human Rights]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indochina]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iran]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Iraq]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Japan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[North Korea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Op-Eds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Post-9/11:  2001-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[South Korea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vietnam]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vietnam:  1945-1961]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vietnam:  1961-1975]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[World War I:  1914-1918]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[9/11]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Berlin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brussels Treaty Organization]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Congress]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Franklin Roosevelt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George W. Bush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hitler]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[iraq]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Korea]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Marshall Plan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Nobel prize]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Peace of Westphalia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[State of the Union]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Suez Crisis]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[World War I]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=1979</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[It is the nature of the political process that presidents campaign outside history and must then live within it. For Barack Obama, this meant promising a speedy withdrawal from Iraq, a stronger focus on defeating Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan, firm but respectful relations with Russia and China, engagement with opponents like Iran, and progress with our [...]]]></description>
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		<slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>In the Shadow of Failure: Obama&#8217;s Quest for Constructive Engagement</title>
		<link>http://www.shafr.org/2010/01/26/in-the-shadow-of-failture-obamas-quest-for-constructive-engagement/</link>
		<comments>http://www.shafr.org/2010/01/26/in-the-shadow-of-failture-obamas-quest-for-constructive-engagement/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 26 Jan 2010 22:35:39 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Cary Fraser</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Afghanistan War:  2001-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama administration:  2009-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Brazil]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[China]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Early Cold War:  1945-1961]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George H. W. Bush administration:  1989-1993]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[India]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Indonesia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jimmy Carter administration:  1977-1981]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Late Cold War:  1961-1991]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Op-Eds]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Post-9/11:  2001-present]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[South Africa]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barack Obama]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Barry Goldwater]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cairo speech]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Camp David Accords]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Cold War]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Copenhagen]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dick Cheney]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[European Union]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[George W. Bush]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[health care reform]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[iraq]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Israeli-Palestinian conflict]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[John McCain]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kyoto Protocol]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[State of the Union]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.shafr.org/?p=1977</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[As Barack Obama completes his first year in office, he faces challenges that will test his considerable political skills to the very limit. While many voted for Obama because was able to project an image of calm competence that was notably lacking in both John McCain and George W. Bush, the Wall Street crisis and [...]]]></description>
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